Refraction is one of the most important topics in optics. It explains why light bends when it passes from one medium to another, like from air to glass or water. This bending happens because the speed of light changes in different materials.
In this chapter, you will learn about the laws of refraction, Snell’s Law, and the concept of the refractive index. The notes also cover practical examples such as the apparent depth of water, how a straw looks bent in a glass, and the working principle of lenses and prisms.
These notes are designed to give Class 11 students a clear understanding of theory, supported with diagrams and solved examples. Mastering refraction will also help you in later topics like lenses, optical instruments, and wave optics.
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